ܐܽܘܣܬܳܐܢܕܳܐܪܳܐ wstʾndʾrʾ ostāndārā, and ܐܘܿܣܬܵܐܢܕܵܐܪܐܸ ʾwstʾndʾrʾ ostāndārē (pl.) governor of a province
MP ōstāndār (Perikhanian 1997, 377); on the suffixoid -dār see § 9.3.2. Cf. Arm. LW ostan crown land (Hübschmann AG 215, no. 490); OP *abistāvana- crown land, domain, district (Hinz 1975, 18), by Gershevitch 1969a, 166 recognized as *abi-s/štāvana, “which will provide as possible an etymology for NP ustān, ManMP ʾwystʾm ‘province’ ... as was hitherto provided by the hypothetical *abi-stāna- reconstructed for the latter's sake (Henning ZII 9, 22413, 2251-3)”; NP istāndār, ustāndār governor of a province (Dihxudā). On the MP title and its function see Gignoux 2004, 40–41. — Talm. Aram. ʾystndrʾ a dignity in the Sasanian kingdom (Telegdi 227, 12) ● Hoffmann 1880, 93; plur. Syn 77, 14 ◆ Lagarde 11, 14; Hoffmann 1880, n. 832; Chabot 1902, 329 n. 2; Khurshudian 1998, 127 (where the plur. wrong form Syr. ʾwstʾndʾry is recorded); Gignoux – Gyselen 1982, 16 and seal no. 1.3; Durkin-Meisterernst 2004, 76