ܦܰܪܘܳܢܩܳܐ prwnqʾ parwānqā, ܦܲܪܘܵܩܵܐ prwqʾ parwāqā runner, king's messenger
ManParth. parwānaγ (MirM II, 65 [356]) guide; MP parwānag [plwʾnk'] guide, leader (CPD 65); ManMP prwnʾg /parwānag/ leader (Durkin-Meisterernst 2004, 280); NP parvāna standard-bearer, forerunner; a messenger, parvānak messenger, courier (Steingass 245); cf. MP parwānagīh [plwʾnkyh] order, permission, commission (Nyberg 152); NP parvānagī the commission of a (royal) messenger (order, permission: Steingass 245). — Talm. Aram. prwwnqʾ messenger, ambassador, courier (Telegdi 251, 111); JBA prwnqʾ (Shaked 1987, 261); Md. pʾrwʾnqʾ parwānqā messenger, leader (Parthian, according to Widengren 1960, 98; Mancini 1995, 85); Arab. furāniq post-courier; furwāniqī director of the mail post. The Syr. term is an old loanword from Parthian, already attested in the Hymn of the Pearl: cf. Russell 2001–2002, 36 n. 14; as regards the final voiceless velar plosive in the Aramaic forms see § 11.3.1.1 ● HS v 16b; ES 1, 145D ◆ LS 594a; Lagarde GA 76, 195; Siddiqi 1919, 71