ܛܽܘܗܡܳܐ ṭwhmʾ ṭohmā race, stock, family, descent, origin
Derivatives: ܛܘܿܗܡܵܢܘܼܬܵܐ ṭwhmnwtʾ ṭohmānūṯā kinship; Pa. to make related; ܡܛܲܗܡܵܐ mṭhmʾ mṭahmā noble; ܡܛܲܗܡܵܢܵܐ mṭhmnʾ mṭahmānā related; Etpa. to be related
OP taumā- (= tauhmā-) family (cf. Hinz 1975, 235), ManMP twhm /tōhm/ seed, family (Durkin-Meisterernst 2004, 330); Arm. LW tohm (Bolognesi 1960, 37: the NW or SW origin is impossible to determine; Hübschmann AG 253, 652); MP tōhm, tōm [twhm, twm] seed, extraction, descent (CPD 83; Nyberg 194); cf. Av. taoxman- (AirWb 623); ManParth. twxm /tōxm/ seed, line, race (Durkin-Meisterernst 2004, 331); NP tuxm seed, egg, origin, principle (Steingass 288). — Md. ṭōhmā (← Parthian, according to Widengren 1960, 103); see also Nöldeke MG 63 n. 3. In my opinion, both Syr. ṭwhmʾ and Md. ṭōhmā are loanwords from SW Iranian forms; ṭwhmʾ is attested early, and it is probable that the model of the borrowing was OP taumā- (the OIr. cluster -hm- is preserved in OP, even if not represented in the script: see Benveniste 1931, 77 ff.; Kent 1953, 37 and 41). Hence, MP tōhm is the regular SW form, later simplified in tōm, and not a loanword from NW Iranian, as Widengren 1960, 103 believes. Furthermore, Ir. -x- of ManParth. twxm would have been rendered in Syriac as -ḥ-, or -k-, depending on the antiquity of the borrowing (see § 11.3.3). Syr. ṭwhmʾ often appears also as the first element of royal proper names of Iranian origin: cf. Hoffmann 1880, 267 n. 2109; for the Iranian forms see Horn 84; Benveniste 1931, 73–79; Henning 1946, 716 ● ṭwhmʾ Gn 21, 23; Jud 18, 19; 1Par 5, 7; Act 7, 14; Afr 10, 3; ES 1, 275 F (of birds); IA 1, 198, 441 (of animals); ṭwhmnwtʾ JSB 5, 131, 14; Pa. JSB 1, 203, 12; mṭhmʾ ESL 2, 79, 20; am 3, 660, 1; Bh Nom 156, 11; mṭhmnʾ Eb Mai 10, 211, 7; Etpa. ESL 3, 227, 20; Bh car 85, 1; AS 3, 65, 14; Philox Mem Lincei 12, 1884, p. 459 V 22 ◆ LS 268b; Lagarde GA 48, 125; Duval index pers. 223; PS Suppl. 139 and 145